先给结论：完整、无症状的臀部外侧皮肤可按一般皮肤清洁；越靠近肛门口、越有瘙痒、疼痛、裂口或创面，越应减少香精、刺激性清洁剂与摩擦，优先清水并轻轻拍干。The short answer: intact, symptom-free outer buttock skin can be washed like ordinary skin. The closer you are to the anal opening—or the more itching, pain, cracking or broken skin there is—the more important it is to minimise fragrance, irritating cleansers and friction, using plain water first and patting dry gently.
按部位选择清洁方式Choose the method by site
| 部位与状态Site and condition | 较稳妥的做法A sensible approach |
|---|---|
| 臀部外侧、完整且无症状的皮肤Outer buttocks, intact and symptom-free skin | 可用温水；如需清洁产品，选温和、无香精者，少量使用并充分冲净。若出现干燥、刺痛或发痒，停用并改用清水。Warm water is suitable. If you want a cleanser, choose a mild fragrance-free product, use a small amount and rinse thoroughly. Stop and switch to water if dryness, stinging or itching develops. |
| 臀沟的完整皮肤Intact skin in the buttock cleft | 清水通常足够；也可在耐受时使用少量温和无香精清洁剂。重点是冲净残留，之后轻拍干燥，不要来回搓擦。Plain water is often enough. A small amount of mild fragrance-free cleanser may be used if tolerated. Rinse away residue and pat dry rather than rubbing. |
| 肛门口及周围皱褶，无破损Anal opening and surrounding folds, with no broken skin | 优先用清水轻柔冲洗。NHS 也允许无香精肥皂，但若正在瘙痒或敏感，ASCRS 更倾向清水并避开可能刺激的肥皂、香精和湿巾成分。Gently rinse with plain water first. The NHS also allows unscented soap, but when the area is itchy or sensitive, ASCRS guidance favours plain water and avoiding potentially irritating soaps, fragrance and wipe ingredients. |
| 痔疮不适、肛裂、擦破或发炎处Sore haemorrhoids, fissures, chafed or inflamed skin | 避免把普通香氛沐浴露直接反复涂在患处，也不要刷洗或用力擦。以清水轻洗、拍干为主；持续疼痛、出血或不愈应就医。Do not repeatedly apply ordinary fragranced body wash directly to the sore area, and do not scrub. Use gentle water cleansing and pat dry; seek medical advice for persistent pain, bleeding or poor healing. |
| 痔疮或肛门手术后的创面A wound after haemorrhoid or anal surgery | 以出院说明和手术团队指示为准。不要自行把普通沐浴露、盐、消毒剂或香精产品用于新鲜创面。Follow your discharge instructions and surgical team's advice. Do not independently apply ordinary body wash, salt, antiseptics or fragranced products to a fresh wound. |
为什么“洗得越干净越好”也可能出问题？Why can “cleaner is always better” cause trouble?
美国结直肠外科医师学会指出，汗液、少量粪便或黏液造成的潮湿，可能参与肛周刺激；但过度、用力清洁，以及频繁使用刺激性肥皂、香精和乳液，也可能破坏皮肤屏障并加重不适。这里不是说“残留一定导致瘙痒”，也不是说“任何肥皂都不能用”，而是要在清洁与减少刺激之间取得平衡。The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons notes that moisture from sweat, small amounts of stool or mucus may contribute to perianal irritation. Yet overzealous cleaning and repeated use of irritating soaps, scents and lotions may also damage the skin barrier and worsen symptoms. This does not mean residue always causes itching, nor that every soap is forbidden; the aim is a balance between cleanliness and minimal irritation.
动作要轻Keep it gentle
冲洗后用柔软毛巾轻拍干，不来回擦拭；也可按专业建议使用冷风或低温风辅助干燥。After rinsing, pat dry with a soft towel rather than wiping back and forth. Cool or low-setting air may be used if advised.
少香精、少残留Less fragrance, less residue
避开香味浓的沐浴露、泡泡浴、香粉、除臭湿巾和含酒精产品；任何清洁剂都要冲净。Avoid strongly fragranced body wash, bubble bath, powders, deodorising wipes and alcohol-based products; rinse any cleanser away thoroughly.
刚做完痔疮手术，能不能用肥皂？Can you use soap just after haemorrhoid surgery?
不要套用普通洗澡规则。不同手术和医院的出院指示并不完全相同：Guy's and St Thomas' NHS 指导痔切除术创面在愈合前以水清洗，避免肥皂、盐和香精产品；另一些 NHS 术后说明可能允许温和、无香精肥皂。因此，手术医生或出院单的个体化指示优先级最高。若没有清楚说明，先向手术团队询问，而不是直接用普通沐浴露试洗创面。Do not apply ordinary shower rules to a surgical wound. Discharge instructions differ by procedure and hospital. Guy's and St Thomas' NHS advises water cleansing after haemorrhoidectomy and avoiding soap, salt and fragranced products until the wound heals, while some other NHS postoperative advice allows mild unscented soap. Your surgeon's or discharge sheet's individual instructions therefore take priority. If they are unclear, ask the surgical team rather than testing ordinary body wash on the wound.
这些情况不要只靠清洁解决Do not rely on cleansing alone in these situations
- 肛周瘙痒持续不退、反复发作，或出现明显皮肤变化。Anal itching that does not settle, keeps returning, or comes with a noticeable skin change.
- 肛门疼痛、便中带血、黑便、持续渗液，或排便习惯改变。Anal pain, blood in the stool, black stool, persistent leakage, or a change in bowel habits.
- 肛裂症状越来越重，或自行护理 7 天仍无改善。Possible fissure symptoms that are worsening or have not improved after seven days of self-care.
- 术后出现大量或持续出血、发热、伤口红肿、流脓/异常渗液，或疼痛持续加重。After surgery: heavy or persistent bleeding, fever, wound redness or swelling, pus or unusual drainage, or worsening pain.
权威来源Authoritative sources
以下为本文使用的官方患者资料，查阅日期：2026 年 9 月 27 日。These official patient resources were used for this article and accessed on 27 September 2026.
- 英国 NHS：肛门瘙痒——清水或无香精肥皂、避免香精与摩擦，以及就医提示。NHS: Itchy bottom—water or unscented soap, avoiding fragrance and rubbing, and when to seek advice.
- 美国结直肠外科医师学会：肛门瘙痒详版——粪便/黏液潮湿、过度清洁与皮肤屏障刺激。ASCRS: Pruritis Ani, expanded version—moisture from stool or mucus, overcleaning and skin-barrier irritation.
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS：痔疮手术——术后伤口以水清洗，愈合前避免肥皂、盐与香精产品。Guy's and St Thomas' NHS: Haemorrhoid surgery—water cleansing and avoiding soap, salt and fragranced products until healing.
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS：痔疮手术——术后发热、出血、红肿、渗液与严重疼痛的求助边界。Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS: Haemorrhoid surgery—postoperative fever, bleeding, redness, drainage and severe-pain warning signs.
医学边界：本文是一般生活卫生信息，不能诊断痔疮、肛裂、感染或其他肛周疾病，也不能替代个体化术后护理指示。Medical boundary: this is general hygiene information. It cannot diagnose haemorrhoids, fissures, infection or other perianal conditions, and it does not replace individual postoperative instructions.